Removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from municipal wastewater has previously not been required, since the concentrations are low and treatment with existing methods are extremely costly. The regulatory limits on PFAS concentrations in drinking water, environmental quality standards in surface waters, and guideline values for sewage sludge are being revised, which can motivate the need for increase PFAS removal from municipal wastewater. Therefore, there is a...